mRNA vaccine
An mRNA vaccine uses messenger RNA instructions to help cells briefly make a target protein or protein fragment, training the immune system to recognize a pathogen or disease target.
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Health Topics
Browse Qlopedia topics grouped under Health.
166 topics, showing 1-24 on page 1 of 7.
Topics
Dementia
Dementia is a syndrome involving decline in memory, thinking, behavior, communication, or daily function severe enough to interfere with everyday life. It has many causes, including Alzheimer disease, vascular brain injury, Lewy body disease, frontotemporal degeneration, and other brain conditions.
Alzheimer disease
Alzheimer disease is a progressive brain disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It gradually damages memory, thinking, behavior, communication, independence, and daily function through complex changes in neurons, synapses, proteins, inflammation, and brain networks.
Parkinson disease
Parkinson disease is a progressive neurological condition that affects movement and many non-motor body functions. It is linked to loss of dopamine-producing neurons in brain circuits involved in movement, and it can cause tremor, slowness, stiffness, balance problems, sleep changes, mood symptoms, pain, and cognitive changes.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders marked by a tendency to have recurrent seizures. Seizures happen when abnormal bursts of electrical activity in the brain temporarily disrupt awareness, movement, sensation, behavior, or body function.
Anxiety
Anxiety is a state of fear, worry, or apprehension that can involve both thoughts and body sensations. It becomes a health problem when it is intense, persistent, hard to control, or disruptive to daily life, and anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health conditions.
Depression
Depression is a mental health condition that can cause persistent low mood, loss of interest, changes in sleep or appetite, low energy, difficulty concentrating, guilt, hopelessness, physical symptoms, and thoughts of death or suicide. It is treatable, but it can be serious and disabling.
Placebo effect
The placebo effect is a change in symptoms, perception, or body response linked to the meaning and context of a treatment rather than to a specific active ingredient. It is important in clinical trials, pain research, patient care, and how people interpret treatment results.
Migraine
Migraine is a neurological disorder that causes recurring attacks of head pain and other nervous-system symptoms. It is more than a bad headache: attacks can involve nausea, light and sound sensitivity, visual aura, dizziness, fatigue, and disruption to daily life.
Thyroid
The thyroid is a small endocrine gland in the front of the neck that makes hormones affecting metabolism, growth, temperature regulation, heart function, and development. Its activity is controlled by feedback signals involving the brain, pituitary gland, and thyroid hormones.
Cortisol
Cortisol is a steroid hormone made by the adrenal glands. It helps regulate metabolism, immune activity, inflammation, blood pressure, sleep-wake timing, and the body's response to physical and psychological stress.
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone made mainly by beta cells in the pancreas. It helps regulate blood glucose by signaling cells to take up, store, and use glucose, and it is central to metabolism, diabetes, and many forms of diabetes treatment.
Clinical trials
Clinical trials are research studies involving people that test health interventions, compare approaches, or collect evidence about safety and effectiveness. They are central to medicine, public health, drug development, devices, vaccines, behavioral care, and many treatment guidelines.
Targeted therapy
Targeted therapy is cancer treatment that uses drugs designed to act on specific molecules, proteins, pathways, or genetic changes that help cancer cells grow, survive, or spread. It is a major part of precision oncology, but it works only when the target matters and the tumor is vulnerable to the drug.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is treatment that uses, restores, or redirects the immune system to help fight disease. In cancer care, it can help immune cells recognize and attack cancer, but it works only for some cancers and can cause distinctive immune-related side effects.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is cancer treatment that uses medicines to kill cancer cells, slow their growth, or reduce the chance that cancer returns. It can be used alone or with surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, and supportive care.
Cancer
Cancer is a large group of diseases in which some cells grow out of control and can invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. It can begin in many tissues, has many causes and risk factors, and is treated with different combinations of surgery, medicines, radiation, immunotherapy, and supportive care.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are medicines used to treat infections caused by bacteria. They can save lives when bacterial infections are likely or confirmed, but they do not treat viral infections such as colds or flu, and unnecessary use can cause side effects and increase antibiotic resistance.
Gene therapy
Gene therapy is a medical approach that treats or aims to cure disease by changing gene expression, adding genetic material, editing DNA, or modifying a patient's cells so they produce a therapeutic effect.
NCBI Bookshelf
NCBI Bookshelf is a free biomedical books website for full-text books, reports, clinical guidance, documentation, and searchable life sciences and healthcare reference works.
PubMed Central
PubMed Central, or PMC, is a free full-text biomedical literature archive website for journal articles, author manuscripts, funder deposits, historical collections, and links across NCBI resources.
PubMed
PubMed is a free biomedical literature search website for citations, abstracts, MEDLINE records, MeSH terms, author searches, related articles, and links to full text when available.
medRxiv
medRxiv is a health sciences preprint website where researchers share medical, clinical, epidemiology, and public health manuscripts before journal peer review.
ClinicalTrials.gov
ClinicalTrials.gov is a public clinical study registry website for searching trial records, eligibility criteria, locations, study sponsors, results, and NCT identifiers.