Synapse
A synapse is a specialized connection where a neuron communicates with another neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell. Synapses convert activity in one cell into signals that can excite, inhibit, modulate, or coordinate activity in another cell.
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Neuron
A neuron is a specialized nerve cell that receives, processes, and sends information through the nervous system. Neurons use electrical signals within the cell and chemical or electrical signaling at synapses to coordinate sensation, movement, thought, memory, emotion, and body regulation.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are medicines used to treat infections caused by bacteria. They can save lives when bacterial infections are likely or confirmed, but they do not treat viral infections such as colds or flu, and unnecessary use can cause side effects and increase antibiotic resistance.
Hormones
Hormones are chemical messengers that help cells, organs, and tissues coordinate activity across the body. They influence growth, metabolism, stress responses, reproduction, sleep rhythms, blood sugar, mood, salt and water balance, and many other processes.
Antibodies
Antibodies are immune-system proteins that recognize specific targets called antigens. They help the body mark, block, or remove microbes and toxins, and they are also central to vaccines, diagnostic tests, autoimmune disease, allergy, and many modern medicines.
Stem cells
Stem cells are cells that can make more copies of themselves and, under the right conditions, develop into specialized cell types. They are essential during early development, help maintain some adult tissues, and are studied for disease modeling, drug testing, tissue repair, and carefully regulated medical therapies.
Special relativity
Special relativity is Albert Einstein's 1905 theory of space, time, motion, and energy for observers moving at constant velocity. It shows that the speed of light is the same for all inertial observers and that measurements of time and distance depend on relative motion.
General relativity
General relativity is Albert Einstein's theory of gravity. It describes gravity not as an ordinary force, but as the effect of mass and energy shaping spacetime, guiding the motion of planets, light, black holes, gravitational waves, and the universe as a whole.
Gravitational waves
Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime produced by accelerating massive objects. They let scientists study black holes, neutron stars, and other extreme events through gravity itself rather than only through light.
Cosmic microwave background
The cosmic microwave background is faint microwave radiation that fills the observable universe. It is the cooled remnant of early-universe light released when space became transparent about 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
Gene therapy
Gene therapy is a medical approach that treats or aims to cure disease by changing gene expression, adding genetic material, editing DNA, or modifying a patient's cells so they produce a therapeutic effect.
Optogenetics
Optogenetics is a research method that uses light-sensitive proteins to control selected cells with pulses of light. It is best known in neuroscience, where it lets researchers test how specific neurons and circuits contribute to movement, sensation, memory, emotion, and behavior.
INSPIRE-HEP
INSPIRE-HEP is a high-energy physics website and scholarly information platform for literature records, citations, author profiles, institutions, conferences, experiments, jobs, and dataset discovery.
RePEc
RePEc is an economics research website and decentralized bibliographic network for working papers, journal articles, books, software, author profiles, citations, rankings, and services such as IDEAS and EconPapers.
Papers With Code
Papers With Code is a machine learning website and data project known for linking research papers to code implementations, datasets, methods, evaluation tables, benchmarks, and reproducibility resources.
OpenReview
OpenReview is a website and research platform for open peer review, conference submissions, public discussion, venue workflows, reviewer profiles, preprints, proceedings, and API-based scholarly data access.
dblp
dblp is a computer science bibliography website for searching curated publication records, authors, conferences, journals, series, repositories, XML dumps, RDF data, and linked research metadata.
Open Research Europe
Open Research Europe is an open access publishing website for research outputs, open peer review, European Commission-funded work, and a CERN-hosted publishing platform expanding in 2026.
Dataverse
Dataverse is an open source research data repository website and software project for sharing, preserving, citing, exploring, and analyzing datasets, metadata, files, and research code.
OSF
OSF, the Open Science Framework, is a research collaboration website from the Center for Open Science for managing projects, sharing files, preregistering studies, hosting preprints, and connecting research materials.
CORE
CORE is an open scholarly infrastructure website at core.ac.uk for searching, aggregating, and programmatically accessing open access research papers from repositories and journals.
BASE Search
BASE Search is the Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, a scholarly search website from Bielefeld University Library for finding academic web documents, repository records, open access full texts, and research metadata.
The Lens
The Lens is a Lens.org website and open knowledge platform for searching, analyzing, and linking patent records, scholarly works, citations, biological sequences, profiles, APIs, and institutional research data.
Web of Science
Web of Science is a scholarly research website and citation-index platform from Clarivate for finding literature, following citations, evaluating journals, and analyzing research activity.
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